Determination and presentation of customized notifications

ABSTRACT

Notifications for instructing user behavior can be determined and presented when appropriate. Historical fitness data and current fitness data are accessed. This data is used to determine whether a user fitness goal is likely to be achieved. If not, a notification may be determined and presented at a user device.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/777,701, filed Jan. 27, 2020, entitled “Determination andPresentation of Customized Notifications,” which is a Continuation ofU.S. patent Ser. No. 16/107,957 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,576,330), filedAug. 21, 2018, entitled “Determination and Presentation of CustomizedNotifications,” which is a Divisional of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 15/705,802 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,194,418), filed Sep. 15, 2017,entitled “Determination and Presentation of Customized Notifications,”which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/514,677,filed Jun. 2, 2017, entitled “Determination and Presentation ofCustomized Notifications,” and is related to and incorporates byreference U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/740,004 filed Jun. 15,2015 and entitled “Dynamic Rule-Based Notifications.”

BACKGROUND

Electronic devices, especially portable electronic user devices, arequickly becoming ubiquitous in every modern society. Such devices ofteninclude functionality to schedule future notifications (e.g., remindersof calendar events) and to process unscheduled notifications (e.g.,alerts about breaking news or new messages). While such notificationscan be useful, when notifications are presented too frequently or withirrelevant information, users may experience alarm fatigue. Alarmfatigue results in users becoming desensitized to the notifications,which can lead to users intentionally ignoring the notifications orotherwise missing them.

Goal setting and goal keeping is an effective way to achieve a desiredresult. This is especially true when improving one's health is thedesired result. Even with established goals, users often get busy withother activities and forget about keeping their goals and/or prioritizeother activities ahead of keeping their goals. This can lead toabandonment of goal setting.

BRIEF SUMMARY

Examples of the present disclosure can provide devices, systems,computer-implemented methods, and computer-readable media fordetermining aspects of user coaching notifications. According to oneexample, a computer-implemented method is provided. The method mayinclude accessing, by a fitness application of a wearable device havingan associated user account, historical fitness data associated with theuser account. The historical fitness data may be collected by thewearable device during a plurality of days that together define ahistorical period. The method may also include detecting a beginning ofa current day based at least in part on a detected user action performedat the wearable device. The current day may include a plurality ofsegments. The method may also include determining whether to present acoaching notification at a conclusion of a first segment of theplurality of segments by at least: accessing current fitness datacollected by the wearable device and tracked by the fitness applicationduring the first segment, comparing the current fitness data to thehistorical fitness data to identify a correlation between a currentprogress toward a fitness goal and a historical progress toward thefitness goal, and determining, based at least in part on thecorrelation, whether the fitness goal is achievable during one or moreother segments of the plurality of segments. The method may also includepresenting a coaching notification at the conclusion of the firstsegment when the fitness goal is achievable during the one or more othersegments. The coaching notification may identify the fitness goal.

According to another example, a wearable electronic device is provided.The wearable device may include a display, a memory configured to storecomputer-executable instructions, and a processor configured to accessthe memory and execute the computer-executable instructions. Executingthe computer-executable instructions may perform operations includingaccessing historical fitness data collected during a plurality ofperiods that together define a historical period. Executing thecomputer-executable instructions may further perform operationsincluding accessing current fitness data collected during a firstsegment of a current period. Executing the computer-executableinstructions may further perform operations including determining acorrelation between a current progress toward a user fitness goal and ahistorical progress toward the user fitness goal based at least in parton the historical fitness data and the current fitness data. Executingthe computer-executable instructions may further perform operationsincluding presenting, at the display, a coaching notification at aconclusion of the first segment when the correlation indicates the userfitness goal is achievable during one or more other segments of thecurrent period.

According to yet another example, a computer-implemented method isprovided. The method may include accessing, by a fitness application ofa wearable device, historical user fitness data. The historical fitnessdata may be collected by the wearable device during a plurality ofperiods that together define a historical period. The method may alsoinclude determining an estimated conclusion of a current period based atleast in part on the historical fitness data. The method may alsoinclude accessing current fitness data collected by the wearable deviceand tracked by the fitness application during the current period. Themethod may also include determining, based at least in part on thecurrent fitness data, whether a current fitness value associated with auser fitness goal exceeds a threshold. The method may also include, whenthe current fitness value exceeds the threshold, determining a coachingnotification based at least in part on the current fitness data. Thecoaching notification may identify the user fitness goal and may includea suggested action for achieving the user fitness goal prior to theestimated conclusion of the current period. The method may also includepresenting the coaching notification.

According to yet another example, a wearable electronic device isprovided. The wearable device may include a display, a memory configuredto store computer-executable instructions, and a processor configured toaccess the memory and execute the computer-executable instructions.Executing the computer-executable instructions may perform operationsincluding determining a period that a wearable device is in a worn statebased at least in part on earlier periods of historical datarepresenting the wearable device worn state. Executing thecomputer-executable instructions may further perform operationsincluding determining, based on configuration information, one or moreclock times occurring during the period. Executing thecomputer-executable instructions may further perform operationsincluding determining when to present a coaching notification by atleast: identifying a time window that includes a first clock time of theone or more clock times, identifying an open segment within the timewindow based at least in part on user calendar data that is descriptiveof a calendar associated with a user account, and determining whether auser activity level is within an activity threshold based at least inpart on activity data. Executing the computer-executable instructionsmay further perform operations including presenting, at the display, thecoaching notification during the open segment when the activity level iswithin the activity threshold.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a simplified block diagram depicting an exampleflowchart for determining aspects of user coaching notifications,according to at least one example.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example user activity graph together with anexample flowchart for determining aspects of user coachingnotifications, according to at least one example.

FIG. 3 illustrates example views of a user coaching graphical userinterface including user coaching notifications, according to variousexamples.

FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a process for determining aspects ofuser coaching notifications, according to at least one example.

FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a process for determining aspects ofuser coaching notifications, according to at least one example.

FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a process for determining aspects ofuser coaching notifications, according to at least one example.

FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a process for determining aspects ofuser coaching notifications, according to at least one example.

FIG. 8 illustrates a simplified block diagram depicting an examplearchitecture for implementing techniques relating to determining aspectsof user coaching notifications, according to at least one example.

FIG. 9 illustrates an electronic device for implementing techniquesrelating to determining aspects of user coaching notifications,according to at least one example.

FIG. 10 illustrates a simplified block diagram including components ofan example electronic device for implementing techniques relating todetermining aspects of user coaching notifications, according to atleast one example.

FIG. 11 illustrates a simplified diagram including example electronicdevices for implementing techniques relating to determining aspects ofuser coaching notifications, according to at least one example.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example electronic device for implementingtechniques relating to determining aspects of user coachingnotifications, according to at least one example.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, various examples will be described. Forpurposes of explanation, specific configurations and details are setforth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the examples.However, it will also be apparent to one skilled in the art that theexamples may be practiced without the specific details. Furthermore,well-known features may be omitted or simplified in order not to obscurethe example being described.

Examples of the present disclosure are directed to, among other things,methods, systems, devices, and computer-readable media for determiningappropriate timing and substance of notifications for presentation atuser devices. These determinations along with presentation of thenotifications can be performed in a manner that is customized to usersassociated with the user devices. Unlike less sophisticated approaches,notifications presented using techniques described herein may do littleto contribute to alarm fatigue. This may be because timing andnotification customization is determined using particular sets of rulesand triggers that consider historical data associated with the users,biometric data of the users, real-time data associated with the users,and other relevant data. In this manner, the timing and substance of thenotifications may adjust to conditions of a current period and a givenhistorical period. For example, during a first day, a first notificationmay be presented at a first time and include a first message. During asecond day, a second notification may be presented at a second time andinclude a second message. Thus, the timing of presentation and thesubstance of the notifications are tuned to ensure that thenotifications include relevant information and are presented atappropriate times. Techniques described herein may be performed by anelectronic device such as a wearable device, a mobile phone, or othercomparable electronic device.

In a particular example, a particular type of notification such as usercoaching notifications can reference established user fitness goals(e.g., a stand goal, a move goal, a caloric burn goal, and other similarfitness goals), which may be stored in association with a user account.The user fitness goals may be reset according to some period (e.g.,daily, weekly, etc.). The user coaching notifications can be presentedat a wearable electronic device at fixed intervals throughout the periodbased on determinations that the user fitness goals are still achievableduring the period. For example, the user coaching notifications may bepresented in a manner that is considerate of user progress towards theuser fitness goals as compared to historical user progress for otherperiods (e.g., the last thirty days). The substance of the user coachingnotifications may depend on the user progress as compared to thehistorical user progress. For example, when a user is on pace to achievea user fitness goal, a user coaching notification may inform the userthat she is on pace. When the user is off pace (e.g., behind where sheusually is at a given point in time during the day), the user coachingnotification may inform the user that she is behind. In both scenarios,the user coaching notification may include a suggestion for achievingthe fitness goal. For example, if the user fitness goal is a dailycaloric burn goal, the suggestion may indicate an activity (e.g., abrisk walk) and duration for participating in the activity (e.g., 12minutes) that will allow the user to achieve the daily caloric burngoal. This activity and/or duration may be computed based on biometricdata (e.g., height, weight, gender, and/or other similar data)associated with the user account. The user coaching notifications mayalso reference and coach users towards user breathing goals. Forexample, if the user were to establish a goal to conduct a breathingexercise three times a day, the techniques described herein can trackthis goal and identify appropriate times for presenting user coachingnotifications about the breathing goal.

FIG. 1 illustrates a simplified block diagram 100 depicting an exampleprocess 102 for determining aspects of user coaching notifications 104,according to at least one example. The diagram 100 includes a wearableelectronic device 106 that includes a display 108 on which is displayedan example user coaching notification 104. The wearable electronicdevice 106 can be any suitable electronic device capable of collecting(e.g., via one or more sensors) and tracking (e.g., via a fitnessapplication) user fitness data and presenting the user coachingnotifications 104 when the wearable electronic device 106 is in a wornstate. In some examples, the function of collecting and tracking userfitness data and presenting the user coaching notifications 104 is splitbetween two or more electronic devices. For example, the wearableelectronic device 106 may collect user fitness data and a user device(e.g., a smartphone) may track the user fitness data and determinematters relating to presenting the user coaching notifications 104.

The process 102 may begin at 110 by accessing historical user fitnessdata 112. This may be performed by the wearable electronic device 106.The historical user fitness data 112 may be associated with a useraccount of a user of the wearable electronic device 106. The historicaluser fitness data 112 may be accessed from a database 114. The database114 may be local to the wearable electronic device 106, may include datareplicated from a similar database stored at a remote location, and/ormay be accessed by the wearable electronic device 106 from the remotelocation. In some examples, the historical user fitness data 112 storedin the database 114 may correspond to some fixed amount of time (e.g., aweek, a month, a year, etc.) and may be organized based on some periodof the fixed amount of time (e.g., day, week, month, etc.). For example,the historical user fitness data 112 may constitute a month's worth ofdata organized by each day in the month. In some examples, thehistorical user fitness data 112 may represent a user profile of theuser of the wearable electronic device 106.

At least a portion of the process 102 may be performed at the beginningof each period, when it is first detected that the wearable electronicdevice 106 is in a worn state. For example, when the user first puts onthe wearable electronic device 106 in the morning, the process 102 maybe triggered for performance. As described herein, different approachesmay be implemented to detect when the user first puts on the wearableelectronic device 106. In any event, because the process 102 may beperformed periodically and the wearable electronic device 106 continuesto collect user fitness data, the historical user fitness data 112 thatis accessed may be different each time the process 102 is performed.

At 116, the process 102 may include accessing current user fitness data118 during a current period. This may be performed by the wearableelectronic device 106. The current user fitness data 118 may beassociated with the user account of the user of the wearable electronicdevice 106. The current fitness data 118 is considered “current” becauseit is collected during the current period. For example, if the periodwere a day, the current fitness data 118 may include data collectedwhile the wearable electronic device 106 is in a worn state during theday.

The current user fitness data 118 may be accessed from the database 114,from one or more sensors 120, and/or from any other suitable datastructure or collection device. In some examples, the one or moresensors 120 are included in the wearable electronic device 106 and areused to collect the current user fitness data 118. In some examples, thecurrent user fitness data 118 is collected by the one or more sensors120 and added to the database 114. For example, the one or more sensors120 may collect the current user fitness data 118 continuously when thewearable electronic device 106 is in the worn state, periodically basedon events detected at the wearable electronic device 106 (e.g., when thewearable electronic device 106 is in the worn state and an activity modeis selected on the wearable electronic device 106), and/or in any othersuitable manner.

After the period has expired in which the current user fitness data 118was collected (e.g., at the end of the day), the current user fitnessdata 118 may be considered historical user fitness data 112.

At 122, the process 102 may include comparing the historical userfitness data 112 and the current user fitness data 118 to determinewhether certain notification rules and/or conditions are met. This maybe performed by the wearable electronic device 106. This comparison maybe used to determine a current user progress towards a user fitness goalas compared to previous periods. For example, using the historical userfitness data 112, an average period length can be determined (e.g., 15hours). Again, using the historical fitness data 112, the average periodlength can be divided up into a set of intervals (e.g., quarters,thirds, halves, etc.). The intervals can be equivalent or may not beequivalent. In any event, at each interval, the process 102, or at leasta portion thereof, may be performed to determine how the user isprogressing towards the user fitness goal based how the user hasperformed in the past.

In some examples, the historical user fitness data 112 may be processedto determine a profile for the user and/or a model of the user. Theprofile and/or model may indicate at which portions during the periodthe user typically performs activities toward achieving her goals. If itis known that the user generally works out in the evening, e.g., basedon the profile and/or model, it may be less of a concern that at noonthe user has only achieved 20% of her goal. In this manner, thehistorical fitness data 112 may represent a track record for the user(e.g., even though she is behind early in the day, she typically makesthe difference). This approach may also consider the day of the week.For example, the historical user fitness data 112 can be processed todetermine, for each day of a historical period, at which portions duringeach day the user typically performs activities towards achieving hergoals. For example, the user may workout in the morning during the week,but workout in the evenings on the weekend.

At 124, the process 102 may include generating and presenting the usercoaching notification 104 based on the comparing performed at 122. Thismay be performed by the wearable electronic device 106. In particular,the user coaching notification 104 may be generated based on the user'sprogress towards the user fitness goal (determined by the comparing),the particular interval, and details about the user fitness goal. Insome examples, the user coaching notification 104 may include a message126, graphical indicator 128, and/or numerical information 130. Thesubstance of the message 126 may be varied based on the user's progress(e.g., whether the user is behind her goals, ahead of her goals, and/oron pace). The graphical indicator 128 may graphically indicate theuser's progress toward the user fitness goal. The numerical information130 may constitute a numerical representation of the user's progresstoward the user fitness goal (e.g., 350 calories out of 400).

In some examples, other user coaching notifications 104 that have beengenerated may be viewed on the display 108 by adjusting an inputcomponent 132 (e.g., scrolling down). This adjustment may reveal otheruser coaching notifications 104 that may correspond to other userfitness goals.

In some examples, after presentation of the user coaching notifications104, a user input may be received that causes the wearable electronicdevice 106 to change to an activity mode. In the activity mode, thewearable electronic device 106 may collect fitness data more frequentlyand/or in a different manner than in other modes. For example, theactivity mode may include a set of activities or workouts that can beselected by the user. Depending on the selection of an activity orworkout, the wearable electronic device 106 may collect and processfitness data in a particular manner.

In some examples, the graphical indicator 128 may be part of anupdatable graphical fitness user interface element. The updateablegraphic fitness user interface element may include one or moreconcentric rings. Each concentric ring may represent a particular aspectof the current fitness data of the user of the wearable electronicdevice 106. In this manner, the updatable graphical fitness userinterface element may function as an activity indicator to provide agraphical representation of the extent to which the user has been“active” as compared to goals relating to physical activity. Forexample, an outer ring may represent an caloric burn goal (e.g., a dailynumber of active Calories expended), a center ring may represent a movegoal (e.g., a daily number of minutes spent performing physical activityabove a physical activity threshold (e.g., an intensity above a briskwalk or 3 metabolic equivalent units (METS))), and an inner ring mayrepresent a stand goal (e.g., a number of hours in the day during whichthe user stood for at least 60 seconds within a 90 second segment oftime). As the user performs more physical activities and thereby getscloser to achieving their goals, the concentric rings will continue toclose. Thus, a closed ring, may correspond to an achieved goal for thatphysical activity. Thus, the graphical indicator 128 may representcurrent progress toward the goal (e.g., a completed ring).

In some examples, the techniques described herein may improve thefunctioning of the wearable electronic device 106 and/or other computingdevices by reducing the computing resources required for presentation ofnotifications. This may be partly because fewer notifications aredetermined and presented as compared to other approaches.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example user activity graph 200 together with anexample flow illustrating a process 202 for determining aspects of usercoaching notifications, according to at least one example. The process202 may be performed by the wearable electronic device 106 or othercomparable device, as described herein.

The user activity graph 200 may, for one period such as day, illustratethe historical user fitness data 112 and the current user fitness data118 respectively as historical line 204 and current line 206. Inparticular, the historical line 204 may represent, as an average, howthe user has achieved goal units (e.g., calories, activity minutes,repetitions, miles, etc.). For example, the historical line 204 mayrepresent the user's progress toward her goal of having 30 per dayworkout minutes during multiple days prior to the current day.Similarly, the current line 206 may represent how the user is currentlyachieving goal units (e.g., is currently progressing towards her goal of30 workout minutes) during a current period (e.g., day) 207. The useractivity graph 200 includes a complete current line 206 which indicatesthat the current period 207 has been completed. It should be understood,however, that at least some of the coaching notifications describedherein may be presented at intervals prior to conclusion of the currentperiod 207.

The process 202 may begin at 208 by determining a beginning 210 of thecurrent period 207. This may be performed by the wearable electronicdevice 106. Determining the beginning 210 of the current period 207 mayinclude detecting a user action that is indicative of the beginning 210of the current period 207. For example, the user may put on the wearableelectronic device 106 and input an access code on the wearableelectronic device 106 and/or pair the wearable electronic device 106with a different electronic device. Either of these actions or someother action may be detected and correlated to the beginning 210 of thecurrent period 207. In some examples, the current period 207 begins whenthe wearable electronic device 106 first collects user fitness dataafter having not collected user fitness data for an extended period oftime (e.g., while the user is asleep). The current period 207 may alsobegin based on a clock time. For example, the beginning 210 of thecurrent period 207 may begin at 6:00 am each day (e.g., corresponding toa user's wake time).

In some examples, an estimated length of the current period 207 isdetermined based on the historical user fitness data 118. For example,an average clock time for a conclusion of the historical time periodscan be used as an estimated conclusion of the current period 207. Theestimated length of the current period 207 may be measured from thebeginning 210 to the estimated conclusion. In this example, thebeginning 210 may be 6:00 am and the estimated conclusion may be 10:00pm (e.g., when the user takes the wearable device 106 off in preparationfor sleep). Thus, the estimated length of the current period 207 may be16 hours.

The current period 207 may be divided into one or more intervals 212a-212 d, which may be fixed, variable, uniform, non-uniform, and/or haveany other suitable characteristic. For example, the estimated length maybe divided into equal fourths. Thus, a first conclusion 214 a of thefirst interval 212 a may correspond to 10:00 am or 25% of the currentperiod 207, a second conclusion 214 b of the second interval 212 b maycorrespond to 2:00 pm or 50% of the current period 207, a thirdconclusion 214 c of the third interval 212 c may correspond to 6:00 pmor 75% of the current period 207, and a fourth conclusion 214 d of thefourth interval 212 d may correspond to 10:00 pm or 100% of the currentperiod 207.

At 216, the process 200 may include determining whether to present afirst coaching notification 218. This may be performed by the wearableelectronic device 106 at the first conclusion 214 a of the firstinterval 212 a. FIG. 3 illustrates an example of the first coachingnotification 218 in a first view 300 of a user coaching graphical userinterface that is presented at the display 108. Determining whether topresent the first coaching notification 218 may include comparinghistorical user progress with current user progress as represented byhistorical line 204 and the current line 206. Historically, at the firstconclusion 214 a, the user has already achieved around 15 activityminutes. For example, historically the user may have a 15 minute bikeride to work in the morning. This may result in the 15 activity minutesbeing recorded by the wearable electronic device 106. Thus, historicallythe wearable electronic device 106 may collect more activity minutesduring the first interval 212 a than in the current period. For example,during the first interval 212 a of the current period 207, the user mayhave ridden the bus to work, which resulted in fewer activity minutesbeing collected by the wearable electronic device 106.

In some examples, the first coaching notification 218 and/or othercoaching notifications may not be presented at the wearable electronicdevice 106, even though Maggie is behind on her goal. For example, ifthe historical user fitness data 112 indicates that Maggie is stilllikely to achieve her goal during the remainder of the current period207 (e.g., has a track record of catching up, despite how far behind sheis at the current time), the process 200 may refrain from sending anycoaching notifications. If, however, the historical user fitness data112 indicates that Maggie is unlikely to achieve her goal during theremainder of the current period 207 (e.g., has a track record of notcatching up given how far behind she is and the current time), theprocess 200 may present the first coaching notification 218 as describedherein.

The first coaching notification 218 may be customized based on the userstatus at the first conclusion 214 a. For example, the first coachingnotification 218 may include an example motivational message thatinforms the user, Maggie, that her progress is lagging, but that herfitness goal is still achievable during the current period 207 (e.g.,“Maggie, you are behind. There's still time to be active!”). The firstcoaching notification 218 may also identify numerically the number ofactivity minutes achieved and the goal (e.g., “6 out of 30 mins”).Finally, the first coaching notification 218 may also identifygraphically the number of activity minutes as a portion of the goal(e.g., a segment of a circle). The issuance of this coachingnotification is based on the determination that at this point in time,Maggie's goal is still achievable based at least on her historicalperformance and on the amount of time left in the current period 207.

At 220, the process 200 may include determining whether to present asecond coaching notification 222. This may be performed by the wearableelectronic device 106 at the second conclusion 214 b of the secondinterval 212 b. FIG. 3 illustrates an example of the second coachingnotification 222 in a second view 302 of a user coaching graphical userinterface that is presented at the display 108. Determining whether topresent the second coaching notification 222 may include comparinghistorical user progress with current user progress as represented byhistorical line 204 and the current line 206. Historically, at thesecond conclusion 214 b, the user has already achieved around 18activity minutes. For example, historically the user may have meetingsduring the second interval 212 b, which result in the user notcollecting very many activity minutes during the second interval 212 b.This may result in only a few activity minutes being recorded by thewearable electronic device 106 during the second interval 212 b. Duringthe second interval 212 b of the current period 207, however, the usermay have gone for a brisk walk or worked out in the gym, which resultedin more activity minutes being collected by the wearable electronicdevice 106 than historically collected during the second interval 212 b.Thus, at the second conclusion 214 b of the second interval 212 b, theuser has more activity minutes than she historically has (e.g., 20 vs.18).

The second coaching notification 222 may be customized based on the userstatus at the second conclusion 214 b. For example, the second coachingnotification 222 may include an example motivational message thatinforms the user, Maggie, that she is currently ahead of her historicalprogress (e.g., “Way to go Maggie. You are ahead of your goal!”). Thesecond coaching notification 222 may also identify numerically thenumber of activity minutes achieved and the goal (e.g., “20 out of 30mins”). Finally, the second coaching notification 222 may also identifygraphically the number of activity minutes as a portion of the goal(e.g., a segment of a circle).

At 224, the process 200 may include determining whether to present athird coaching notification 226. This may be performed by the wearableelectronic device 106 at the third conclusion 214 c of the thirdinterval 212 c. FIG. 3 illustrates an example of the third coachingnotification 226 in a third view 304 of a user coaching graphical userinterface that is presented at the display 108. Determining whether topresent the third coaching notification 226 may include comparinghistorical user progress with current user progress as represented byhistorical line 204 and the current line 206. Historically, at the thirdconclusion 214 c, the user has already achieved around 29 activityminutes. For example, historically the user may ride her bike home fromwork resulting in collection of many activity minutes during the thirdinterval 212 c. During the third interval 212 b of the current period207, however, the user may have stayed late at work, have been on aplane, or have done something else which resulted in fewer activityminutes being collected by the wearable electronic device 106 thanhistorically collected during the third interval 212 c. Thus, at thethird conclusion 214 c of the third interval 212 c, the user has feweractivity minutes than she historically has (e.g., 22 vs. 29).

The third coaching notification 226 may be customized based on the userstatus at the third conclusion 214 c. For example, the third coachingnotification 226 may include an example motivational message thatinforms the user, Maggie, that she is currently behind her historicalprogress, and includes a suggestion for achieving her fitness goal(e.g., “Maggie, there's still time. Take a brisk 8 minute walk.”). Giventhe current time, the fitness goal of 30 activity minutes may still beachievable by the user (e.g., current period includes more than 8minutes).

The suggested activity in this example is a brisk walk. In someexamples, the suggested activity may be any suitable activity that isrelated to the user fitness goal such as one that causes the user'sheart rate to exceed some threshold; thus, resulting in the wearableelectronic device 106 recording the time spent on the activity towardsthe activity minutes goal. In some examples, the suggested activity maybe determined using a calorimetric computation based on a biometric dataof the user. For example, when the user fitness goal includes a quantityof activity calories (e.g., calories burned at an elevated heart rate),the biometric data of the user may be used to determine the activity andthe number of minutes or repetitions (e.g., 11 minute brisk walk, 5minute jog, 7 minute bike ride, 15 jumping jacks, 50 push-ups, 5burpees, etc.) that, if completed, will accomplish the user fitnessgoal.

The third coaching notification 226 may also identify numerically thenumber of activity minutes achieved and the goal (e.g., “22 out of 30mins”). Finally, the third coaching notification 226 may also identifygraphically the number of activity minutes as a portion of the userfitness goal (e.g., a segment of a circle).

At 228, the process 200 may include determining whether to present afourth coaching notification 230 during one of the intervals 212 at athreshold time 232. This may be performed by the wearable electronicdevice 106. In some examples, the fourth coaching notification 230 maybe considered a threshold coaching notification at least because it maybe based on the threshold time 232 and/or a threshold completion value.FIG. 3 illustrates an example of the fourth coaching notification 230 ina fourth view 306 of a user coaching graphical user interface that ispresented at the display 108.

Determining whether to present the fourth coaching notification 230 mayinclude comparing historical user progress with current user progress asrepresented by historical line 204 and the current line 206. In someexamples, the fourth coaching notification 230 may be presented at ornear a fourth conclusion 214 d of the fourth interval 212 d. The fourthconclusion 214 d may correspond to the estimated conclusion of thecurrent period 207. The timing of the threshold time 232 may be selectedto be some fixed value prior to the estimated conclusion of the currentperiod 207 (e.g., 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, etc.). In some examples, thefourth coaching notification 230 is generated and presented when theuser is close to achieving her fitness goal. For example, to avoid thecircumstance where the user misses her fitness goal by only a smallamount, if the user is within some threshold value of achieving herfitness goal (e.g., 10%) at the threshold time 232, the fourth coachingnotification 230 may be generated and presented. Thus, in this example,historically, at the threshold time 232, the user has all but achievedher fitness goal. However, in the current period 207, the user may beslightly behind and risks not achieving her fitness goal for the currentperiod 207. Thus, presentation of the fourth coaching notification 230may assist the user in achieving her goals.

In some examples, determining whether to present the fourth coachingnotification 230 may include, at a fixed time prior to the fourthconclusion 214 d (e.g., 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, etc.), determining howmuch is left for the user to achieve her goal (e.g., 10 more minutes ofexercise, 50 more calories to burn, etc.) based on the current fitnessdata 118 and how much the user typically gets between the fixed time andthe fourth conclusion 214 d on an average day based on the historicalfitness data 112. If it is likely (e.g., a 50% or greater likelihood),given this comparison of the current fitness data 118 and the historicalfitness data 112, that the user will achieve her goal, the process 200may refrain from presenting the fourth coaching notification 230. Thismay be because the user is likely to achieve her goal without beingprompted. If, however, it is unlikely (e.g. a 49% or lower likelihood),given this comparison of the current fitness data 118 and the historicalfitness data 112, that the user will achieve her goal, the process 200may present the fourth coaching notification 230. In this example, thismay be based not on a likelihood of catching up, but on a likelihoodthat the amount of time remaining allows would allow the user to achieveher goal.

The fourth coaching notification 230 may be customized based on the userstatus at the threshold time 232. For example, the fourth coachingnotification 230 may include an example motivational message thatinforms the user, Maggie, that she is close to achieving her goal, andincludes a suggestion for achieving her goal (e.g., “Maggie, you are soclose! A 3 minute walk will do it.”). Thus, like the third coachingnotification 226, the fourth coaching notification 230 may inform theuser of her status and suggest an activity for accomplishing her goal.

The fourth coaching notification 230 may also identify numerically thenumber of activity minutes achieved and the goal (e.g., “27 out of 30mins”). Finally, the fourth coaching notification 230 may also identifygraphically the number of activity minutes as a portion of the goal(e.g., a segment of a circle).

At 234, the process 200 may include determining a conclusion of theperiod. This may include determining the conclusion of the current timeperiod 207, which may correspond to the fourth conclusion 214 d. In someexamples, determining the conclusion of the period includes estimating aclock time when the wearable electronic device 106 is no longercollecting user fitness data or is unlikely to collect any additionaluser fitness data. In some examples, the conclusion of the periodcorresponds to a period in which the wearable electronic device 106 nolonger collects certain user fitness data above some threshold. Forexample, the wearable electronic device 106 may collect calorie dataevery 15 minutes in a normal operation mode, but if two 15-minuteperiods pass and no calorie data is collected, the wearable electronicdevice 106 may identify a time associated with the two 15-minute periodsas the conclusion of the period. In some examples, the conclusion of theperiod may also correspond to an estimated time after which the user isunlikely to perform actions towards achievement of their fitness goalsbased on historical user fitness data.

FIGS. 4, 5, 6, and 7 illustrate example flow diagrams showing processes400, 500, 600, and 700 for determining aspects of user coachingnotifications, according to at least a few examples. These processes,and any other processes described herein, are illustrated as logicalflow diagrams, each operation of which represents a sequence ofoperations that can be implemented in hardware, computer instructions,or a combination thereof. In the context of computer instructions, theoperations may represent computer-executable instructions stored on oneor more non-transitory computer-readable storage media that, whenexecuted by one or more processors, perform the recited operations.Generally, computer-executable instructions include routines, programs,objects, components, data structures and the like that performparticular functions or implement particular data types. The order inwhich the operations are described is not intended to be construed as alimitation, and any number of the described operations can be combinedin any order and/or in parallel to implement the processes.

Additionally, some, any, or all of the processes described herein may beperformed under the control of one or more computer systems configuredwith specific executable instructions and may be implemented as code(e.g., executable instructions, one or more computer programs, or one ormore applications) executing collectively on one or more processors, byhardware, or combinations thereof. As noted above, the code may bestored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, forexample, in the form of a computer program including a plurality ofinstructions executable by one or more processors.

FIG. 4 depicts the process 400 including example acts or techniquesrelating to determining aspects of user coaching notifications,according to at least one example. A fitness module 810, whetherembodied in the wearable electronic device 106, a user device 802, or aservice provider computer 804, or any suitable combination of theforegoing may perform the process 400 of FIG. 4. The process 400 maybegin at 402 by accessing historical user fitness data associated with auser account. In some examples, accessing historical user fitness datamay be performed by a fitness application of a wearable deviceassociated with the user account. The historical fitness data may becollected by the wearable device during a plurality of periods thattogether define a historical period. For example, a single period of theplurality of periods may correspond to a day and the historical periodmay correspond to a month. In some examples, the historical fitness datahas been collected while the wearable device is in a worn state.

At 404, the process 400 may include detecting a beginning of a currentperiod. This may be based at least in part on a detected user actionperformed at the wearable device. For example, the user input mayinclude a code or action performed by a user at the wearable device. Forexample, when the user first puts the wearable device on in the morning,she may input an unlock code at the display of the wearable device. Insome examples, the current period may include or be defined by aplurality of segments. In some examples, each segment of the pluralityof segments is equivalent.

At 406, the process 400 may include determining whether to present auser coaching notification at a conclusion of a first segment of thefirst current period (e.g., a first segment of the plurality ofsegments). Block 406 is discussed in more detail with reference to FIG.5. In some examples, the coaching notification indicates a current userprogress toward a fitness goal. The fitness goal may include at leastone of a stand goal, an caloric burn goal, a move goal, and/or any othersuitable fitness-related goal.

At 408, the process 400 may include presenting the user coachingnotification. In some examples, the user coaching notification ispresented at the conclusion of the first segment when the fitness goalis achievable during one or more other, later segments. The usercoaching notification may identify the user fitness goal.

In some examples, the coaching notification may include an option forbeginning a workout. In this example, the process 400 may furtherinclude receiving information indicating user selection of the option.The process 400 may further include, in response to receiving theinformation, initiating the workout. The process 400 may further includecollecting additional current fitness data during the workout.

In some examples, the process 400 may further include determining anestimated conclusion of the current period based at least in part on thehistorical fitness data. In this example, the coaching notification mayinclude a suggested action that, if performed prior to the estimatedconclusion of the period, may result in the user achieving the fitnessgoal prior to the estimated conclusion of the current period.

In some examples, the process 400 may further include determining anestimated conclusion of the current period based at least in part on thehistorical fitness data. The process 400 may further includedetermining, based at least in part on the current fitness data, whethera current fitness value (e.g., number of calories burned, number ofactivity minutes, etc.) associated with the user fitness goal exceeds athreshold. The process 400 may further include, when the current fitnessvalue exceeds the threshold, determining a second coaching notificationbased at least in part on the current fitness data. In some examples,the second coaching notification may identify the user fitness goal andmay include a suggested action for achieving the user fitness goal priorto the estimated conclusion of the current period. In some examples, thesecond coaching notification may be further based at least in part onuser biometric information.

FIG. 5 depicts the process 500 including example acts or techniquesrelating to determining aspects of user coaching notifications,according to at least one example. The fitness module 810 (FIG. 8),whether embodied in the wearable electronic device 106 (FIG. 1), theuser device 802 (FIG. 8), or the service provider computer 804 (FIG. 8),or any suitable combination of the foregoing may perform the process 500of FIG. 5. The process 500 may begin at 502 by accessing current fitnessdata collected during the first segment of the plurality of segmentsthat make up the period from FIG. 4. The data may be collected by thewearable electronic device and tracked by a fitness applicationexecuting on the wearable electronic device. For example, the fitnessmodule 810 may be embodied in the fitness application.

At 504, the process 500 may include comparing the current fitness to thehistorical fitness data to identify a correlation. The correlation maybe a correlation between a current progress toward a fitness goal and ahistorical progress toward the fitness goal. In this manner, thecorrelation may represent, at a given time, how the user is currentlyprogressing toward her fitness goal as compared to how she has done inthe past. With this correlation or other data that is representative ofthe comparison, a customized and targeted coaching notification can bedetermined for the user. For example, if the user is ahead of where shetypically is, the coaching notification may include a congratulatorymessage. If the user is behind where she typically is, the coachingnotification may include an encouraging message.

At 506, the process 500 may include determining whether the fitness goalis achievable. Determining whether the fitness goal is achievable mayinclude determining based at least in part on the correlation. Thefitness goal may be achievable if, given the amount of time left in theperiod, the user's current progress, and the user's historical progress,the user can still achieve her goal. In some examples, determiningwhether the fitness goal is achievable may include a basic comparison ofthe time left in the period and the time required or likely required toachieve the goal. For earlier segments such as 25% completion and 50%completion, it is more likely that the answer at 506 will be yes thanfor later segments such as 75% completion. This is simply because, forthe earlier segments, there is more time left in the period for the userto make up deficits.

If the answer at 506 is yes, the process 500 may proceed to block 508 atwhich the process 500 may include presenting the coaching notification.In some examples, presenting the coaching notification at 508 may beperformed in a similar manner as described with reference to block 408.

If the answer at 506 is no, the process 500 may proceed to block 510 atwhich the process 500 may include determining whether to modify thecurrent period. This may include determining whether to suggest to theuser that the current period be extended in order to give the useradditional time to work towards a fitness goal. For example, if the userstill needs to stand and move around during two more hours to reach astand goal and the current period will end in one hour, thedetermination at 510 may result in the current period being extended forthe user to stand during the second hour. In some examples, thedetermination at 510 may consider the extent of the modification and theprobability that the user will actually achieve the fitness goal giventhe modified period. For example, when the extent of the modification islow and the likelihood is high, the answer at 510 is likely yes. If,however, the extent of the modification is great and the likelihood islow, the answer at 510 is likely no.

If the answer at 510 is no, the process 500 may proceed to block 512 atwhich the process 500 may end.

If the answer at 510 is yes, the process 500 may proceed to block 514 atwhich the process 500 may include presenting the coaching notificationbased on a modified current period. In some examples, presenting thecoaching notification at 514 may be performed in a similar manner asdescribed with reference to block 408.

FIG. 6 depicts the process 600 including example acts or techniquesrelating to determining aspects of user coaching notifications,according to at least one example. The fitness module 810, whetherembodied in the wearable electronic device 106, the user device 802, orthe service provider computer 804, or any suitable combination of theforegoing may perform the process 600 of FIG. 6. The process 600 maybegin at 602 by accessing historical user fitness data associated with auser account. In particular, a fitness application of the wearableelectronic device may access the historical user fitness data. Thehistorical fitness data may be collected by the wearable device during aplurality of periods that together define a historical period.

At 604, the process 600 may include determining an estimated conclusionof a current period. In some examples, determining the estimatedconclusion may be based at least in part on the historical fitness data.

At 606, the process 600 may include accessing current fitness datacollected during the current period. In particular, the current fitnessdata may be tracked by the fitness application during the currentperiod.

At 608, the process 600 may include determining whether a currentfitness value meets a threshold. This determination may be based atleast in part on the current fitness data. For example, thisdetermination may include determining whether the current fitness datameets, exceeds, and/or falls below the threshold. For example, thecurrent fitness data may indicate that a user is within 10% of achievinga fitness goal. The current fitness value may be an cumulative valuebased on the day. For example, if the fitness goal related to caloriesburned, the current fitness value may be the number of calories the userhas burned during the current period as of a particular time in thecurrent period.

If the answer at 608 is no, the process 600 may proceed to 610 at whichthe process 600 may end.

If the answer at 608 is yes, the process 600 may proceed to 612 at whichthe process 600 may determine a coaching notification. The coachingnotification may be based at least in part on the current fitness data.The coaching notification may identify the user fitness goal and mayinclude a suggested action for achieving the user fitness goal prior tothe estimated conclusion of the current period.

At 614, the process 600 may include presenting the coachingnotification.

In some examples, the process 600 may further include determiningwhether the user fitness goal is achievable within a remaining portionof the current period. In this example, determining the coachingnotification may include determining the coaching notification when theuser fitness goal is achievable within the remaining portion of thecurrent period.

In some examples, the coaching notification may be a threshold coachingnotification. In this example, the process 600 may further includecomparing the current fitness data to the historical fitness data toidentify a correlation between a current progress toward the userfitness goal and a historical progress toward the user fitness goal. Theprocess 600 may further include determining, based at least in part onthe correlation, whether the user fitness goal is achievable during thecurrent period. The process 600 may further include, prior to presentingthe threshold coaching notification, presenting a status coachingnotification when the user fitness goal is achievable during the currentperiod. The status coaching notification may include a first textualmessage when the current progress is less than the historical progressand a second textual message when the current progress is greater thanthe historical progress.

FIG. 7 depicts the process 700 including example acts or techniquesrelating to determining aspects of user coaching notifications,according to at least one example. The fitness module 810, whetherembodied in the wearable electronic device 106, the user device 802, orthe service provider computer 804, or any suitable combination of theforegoing may perform the process 700 of FIG. 7. The process 700 maybegin at 702 by determining a period that a wearable device is typicallyin a worn state. In some examples, determining the period may be basedat least in part on earlier periods of historical data representing thewearable device in the worn state.

At 704, the process 700 may include determining one or more clock timesoccurring during the period. In some example, determining the one ormore clock times may be based at least in part on configurationinformation. The one or more clock times may be times during the periodfor scheduling the coaching notification. The configuration informationmay be generated in response to user input that indicates userpreferences for receiving coaching notifications. For example, a usermay indicate in a configuration file stored by a settings application onthe wearable electronic device that the user would like to receivecoaching notifications four times during the period. Based on thisinformation and an estimated length of the period, the one or moreclocks times occurring during the period may be determined (e.g., 9 am,12 pm, 3 pm, and 6 pm).

At 706, the process 700 may include identifying a time window thatincludes a first clock time of the one or more clock times. The timewindow may be a time range that includes multiple minutes and the firstclock time. For example, if the first clock time were 3 pm, the timewindow may range from 2:45 pm to 3:15 pm. In some examples, the timewindow may include a first block of time occurring before the firstclock time and a second block of time occurring after the first clocktime. In this example, the first block of time and the second block oftime may be the same.

At 708, the process 700 may include identifying an open segment withinthe time window. Identifying the open segment may be based at least inpart on user calendar data that is descriptive of a calendar associatedwith a user account. For example, if the time window ranged from 2:45 pmto 3:15 pm and the calendar data indicates that the user is in a meetingfrom 2:30 pm to 3:00 pm, the open segment may be identified as 3:00 pmto 3:15 pm. In some examples, the open segments are identified assmaller ranges of time such as 3:00 pm to 3:05 pm. In some examples, theopen segment may be a block of time on the calendar of a user accountthat is free of appointments and meetings.

At 710, the process 700 may include determining whether an activitylevel is within an activity threshold. In some examples, determiningwhether the activity level is within the activity threshold may be basedat least in part on activity data collected during the open segment. Theactivity level may be an activity level of the user. The activity datamay include fitness data collected by the wearable electronic devicefrom the user. For example, activity data may include heart rate data,perspiration data, and other similar user data. In some examples, theactivity data may include other data that is indicative of the userbeing at a restful state. For example, the activity data may includeabsence of motion data detectable by sensors of the wearable electronicdevice.

If the answer at 710 is yes, the process 700 may proceed to 712 at whichthe process 700 may include presenting the coaching notification duringthe open segment. In some examples, the coaching notification mayinclude a request to perform a breathing sequence. The breathingsequence, which may be led by a breathing application, may coach theuser through the breathing sequence (e.g., a series of coordinatedinhales and exhales). The coaching notification may include an optionfor beginning the breathing sequence. In this example, the process 700may also include receiving selection information indicating userselection of the option. The process 700 may also include, in responseto receiving the selection information, opening the breathingapplication to guide user action through the breathing sequence.

As the breathing sequence may be best performed with the user is free(e.g., as shown in the user's calendar or other by other data) and nototherwise active (e.g., as indicated by the activity data), the process700 may determine an appropriate time for presenting the coachingnotification given these constraints.

If the answer at 710 is no, the process 700 may proceed to 714 at whichthe process 700 may include identifying a different open segment withinthe time window. Identifying the different open segment may be performedin a manner similar to block 708.

At 716, the process, the process 700 may include determining whether anactivity level is within an activity threshold. In some examples,determining whether the activity level is within the activity thresholdmay be based at least in part on activity data collected during thedifferent open segment.

If the answer at 716 is no, the process 700 may return to 714 toidentify another different open segment within the time window.

If the answer at 716 is yes, the process 700 may proceed to 718 at whichthe process 700 may include presenting the coaching notification duringthe different open segment. This may include presenting, at a display ofthe wearable electronic device, the coaching notification during theopen segment when the activity level is within the activity threshold.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example architecture or environment 800 configuredto implement techniques relating to determining aspects of user coachingnotifications, according to at least one example. In some examples, theexample architecture 800 may further be configured to enable the userdevice 802, the service provider computers 804, and the wearableelectronic device 106 to share information. In some examples, thedevices may be connected via one or more networks 808 and/or 806 (e.g.,via Bluetooth, WiFi, the Internet, or the like). In the architecture800, one or more users may utilize the user device 802 to manage,control, or otherwise utilize the wearable electronic device 106, viathe one or more networks 806. Additionally, in some examples, thewearable electronic device 106, the service provider computers 804, andthe user device 802 may be configured or otherwise built as a singledevice. For example, the wearable electronic device 106 and/or the userdevice 802 may be configured to implement the examples described hereinas a single computing unit, exercising the examples described above andbelow without the need for the other devices described.

In some examples, the networks 806, 808 may include any one or acombination of many different types of networks, such as cable networks,the Internet, wireless networks, cellular networks, satellite networks,other private and/or public networks, or any combination thereof. Whilethe illustrated example represents the user device 802 accessing theservice provider computers 804 via the networks 808, the describedtechniques may equally apply in instances where the user device 802interacts with the service provider computers 804 over a landline phone,via a kiosk, or in any other manner. It is also noted that the describedtechniques may apply in other client/server arrangements (e.g., set-topboxes, etc.), as well as in non-client/server arrangements (e.g.,locally stored applications, peer to peer configurations, etc.).

As noted above, the user device 802 may be configured to collect and/ormanage user activity data potentially received from the wearableelectronic device 106. In some examples, the wearable electronic device106 may be configured to provide health, fitness, activity, and/ormedical data of the user to a third- or first-party application (e.g.,the service provider 804). In turn, this data may be used by the userdevice 802 to schedule and present coaching notifications. Of course,the wearable electronic device 106 may also use the collected data toschedule and present coaching notifications as described herein. Theuser device 802 may be any type of computing device such as, but notlimited to, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant(PDA), a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a thin-client device, atablet computer, a wearable device, or the like. In some examples, theuser device 802 may be in communication with the service providercomputers 804 and/or the wearable electronic device 106 via the networks808, 806, or via other network connections.

In one illustrative configuration, the user device 802 may include atleast one memory 814 and one or more processing units (or processor(s))816. The processor(s) 816 may be implemented as appropriate in hardware,computer-executable instructions, firmware, or combinations thereof.Computer-executable instruction or firmware implementations of theprocessor(s) 816 may include computer-executable or machine-executableinstructions written in any suitable programming language to perform thevarious functions described. The user device 802 may also includegeo-location devices (e.g., a global positioning system (GPS) device orthe like) for providing and/or recording geographic location informationassociated with the user device 802. In some examples, the wearable userdevice 106 may also include geo-location devices for providing and/orrecording geographic location information associated with wearable userdevice 106.

The memory 814 may store program instructions that are loadable andexecutable on the processor(s) 816, as well as data generated during theexecution of these programs. Depending on the configuration and type ofthe user device 802, the memory 814 may be volatile (such as randomaccess memory (RAM)) and/or non-volatile (such as read-only memory(ROM), flash memory, etc.). The user device 802 may also includeadditional removable storage and/or non-removable storage 826 including,but not limited to, magnetic storage, optical disks, and/or tapestorage. The disk drives and their associated non-transitorycomputer-readable media may provide non-volatile storage ofcomputer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, andother data for the computing devices. In some implementations, thememory 814 may include multiple different types of memory, such asstatic random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM),or ROM. While the volatile memory described herein may be referred to asRAM, any volatile memory that would not maintain data stored thereinonce unplugged from a host and/or power would be appropriate.

The memory 814 and the additional storage 826, both removable andnon-removable, are all examples of non-transitory computer-readablestorage media. For example, non-transitory computer readable storagemedia may include volatile or non-volatile, removable or non-removablemedia implemented in any method or technology for storage of informationsuch as computer-readable instructions, data structures, programmodules, or other data. The memory 814 and the additional storage 826are both examples of non-transitory computer storage media. Additionaltypes of computer storage media that may be present in the user device802 may include, but are not limited to, phase-change RAM (PRAM), SRAM,DRAM, RAM, ROM, Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory(EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact discread-only memory (CD-ROM), digital video disc (DVD) or other opticalstorage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage orother magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used tostore the desired information and that can be accessed by the userdevice 802. Combinations of any of the above should also be includedwithin the scope of non-transitory computer-readable storage media.Alternatively, computer-readable communication media may includecomputer-readable instructions, program modules, or other datatransmitted within a data signal, such as a carrier wave, or othertransmission. However, as used herein, computer-readable storage mediadoes not include computer-readable communication media.

The user device 802 may also contain communications connection(s) 828that allow the user device 802 to communicate with a data store, anothercomputing device or server, user terminals, and/or other devices via thenetworks 808, 806. The user device 802 may also include I/O device(s)830, such as a keyboard, a mouse, a pen, a voice input device, a touchinput device, a display, speakers, a printer, etc.

Turning to the contents of the memory 814 in more detail, the memory 814may include an operating system 832 and/or one or more applicationprograms or services for implementing the features disclosed hereinincluding a fitness module 810 a. In some examples, the fitness module810 a may be configured to implement the features described herein. Asdescribed in detail with reference to later figures, the wearable userdevice 106 may include a memory that includes a similar fitness module810 b, which may be accessible by one or more processors of the wearableuser device 106. The service provider 804 may also include a memory 842that includes a fitness module 810 c. In this manner, the techniquesdescribed herein may be implemented by any one, or a combination of morethan one, of the computing devices (e.g., the wearable user device 106,the user device 802, or the service provider 804).

The service provider computers 804 may also be any type of computingdevice such as, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a PDA,a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a thin-client device, a tabletcomputer, a wearable device, a server computer, a virtual machineinstance, etc. In some examples, the service provider computers 804 maybe in communication with the user device 802 and/or the wearable userdevice 106 via the networks 808, 806, or via other network connections.

In one illustrative configuration, the service provider computers 804may include at least one memory 842 and one or more processing units (orprocessor(s)) 844. The processor(s) 844 may be implemented asappropriate in hardware, computer-executable instructions, firmware, orcombinations thereof. Computer-executable instruction or firmwareimplementations of the processor(s) 844 may include computer-executableor machine-executable instructions written in any suitable programminglanguage to perform the various functions described.

The memory 842 may store program instructions that are loadable andexecutable on the processor(s) 844, as well as data generated during theexecution of these programs. Depending on the configuration and type ofservice provider computer 804, the memory 842 may be volatile (such asRAM) and/or non-volatile (such as ROM, flash memory, etc.). The serviceprovider computer 804 may also include additional removable storageand/or non-removable storage 846 including, but not limited to, magneticstorage, optical disks, and/or tape storage. The disk drives and theirassociated non-transitory computer-readable media may providenon-volatile storage of computer-readable instructions, data structures,program modules, and other data for the computing devices. In someimplementations, the memory 842 may include multiple different types ofmemory, such as SRAM, DRAM, or ROM. While the volatile memory describedherein may be referred to as RAM, any volatile memory that would notmaintain data stored therein once unplugged from a host and/or powerwould be appropriate. The memory 842 and the additional storage 846,both removable and non-removable, are both additional examples ofnon-transitory computer-readable storage media.

The service provider computer 804 may also contain communicationsconnection(s) 848 that allow the service provider computer 804 tocommunicate with a data store, another computing device or server, userterminals and/or other devices via the networks 808, 806. The serviceprovider computer 804 may also include I/O device(s) 850, such as akeyboard, a mouse, a pen, a voice input device, a touch input device, adisplay, speakers, a printer, etc.

Turning to the contents of the memory 842 in more detail, the memory 842may include an operating system 852 and/or one or more applicationprograms or services for implementing the features disclosed hereinincluding the fitness module 810 c.

Examples described herein may take the form of, be incorporated in, oroperate with a suitable wearable electronic device. One example of sucha device is shown in FIG. 9 and takes the form of a wearable mechanism.As shown, the mechanism may be worn on a user's wrist and securedthereto by a band. The mechanism may have a variety of functionsincluding, but not limited to: keeping time; monitoring a user'sphysiological signals and providing health-related information based atleast in part on those signals; communicating (in a wired or wirelessfashion) with other electronic devices, which may be different types ofdevices having different functionalities; providing alerts to a user,which may include audio, haptic, visual and/or other sensory output, anyor all of which may be synchronized with one another; visually depictingdata on a display; gather data form one or more sensors that may be usedto initiate, control, or modify operations of the device; determine alocation of a touch on a surface of the device and/or an amount of forceexerted on the device, and use either or both as input; accepting voiceinput to control one or more functions; accepting tactile input tocontrol one or more functions; and so on.

Alternative examples of suitable electronic devices include a phone; atablet computing device; a portable media player; and so on. Still othersuitable electronic devices may include laptop/notebook computers,personal digital assistants, touch screens, input-sensitive pads orsurfaces, and so on.

In some examples the electronic device may accept a variety of bands,straps, or other retention mechanisms (collectively, “bands”). Thesebands may be removably connected to the electronic device by a lug thatis accepted in a recess or other aperture within the device and locksthereto. The lug may be part of the band or may be separable (and/orseparate) from the band. Generally, the lug may lock into the electronicdevice's recess and thereby maintain connection between the band anddevice. The user may release a locking mechanism to permit the lug toslide or otherwise move out of the recess. In some examples, the recessmay be formed in the band and the lug may be affixed or incorporatedinto the device.

A user may change combinations of bands and electronic devices, therebypermitting mixing and matching of the two categories. It should beappreciated that devices having other forms and/or functions may includesimilar recesses and may releasably mate with a lug and/or bandincorporating a lug. In this fashion, an ecosystem of bands and devicesmay be envisioned, each of which is compatible with another. A singleband may be used to connect to devices, as one further example; in suchexamples the band may include electrical interconnections that permitthe two devices to transmit signals to one another and thereby interactwith one another.

In many examples, the electronic device may keep and display time,essentially functioning as a wristwatch among other things. Time may bedisplayed in an analog or digital format, depending on the device, itssettings, and (in some cases) a user's preferences. Typically, time isdisplayed on a digital display stack forming part of the exterior of thedevice.

The display stack may include a cover element, such as a cover glass,overlying a display. The cover glass need not necessarily be formed fromglass, although that is an option; it may be formed from sapphire,zirconia, alumina, chemically strengthened glass, hardened plastic andso on. Likewise, the display may be a liquid crystal display, an organiclight-emitting diode display, or any other suitable display technology.Among other elements, the display stack may include a backlight in someexamples.

The device may also include one or more touch sensors to determine alocation of a touch on the cover glass. A touch sensor may beincorporated into or on the display stack in order to determine alocation of a touch. The touch sensor may be self-capacitive in certainexamples, mutual-capacitive in others, or a combination thereof.

Similarly, the device may include a force sensor to determine an amountof force applied to the cover glass. The force sensor may be acapacitive sensor in some examples and a strain sensor in otherexamples. In either example, the force sensor is generally transparentand made from transparent materials, or is located beneath or away fromthe display in order not to interfere with the view of the display. Theforce sensor may, for example, take the form of two capacitive platesseparated by silicone or another deformable material. As the capacitiveplates move closer together under an external force, the change incapacitance may be measured and a value of the external force correlatedfrom the capacitance change. Further, by comparing relative capacitancechanges from multiple points on the force sensor, or from multiple forcesensors, a location or locations at which force is exerted may bedetermined. In one example the force sensor may take the form of agasket extending beneath the periphery of the display. The gasket may besegmented or unitary, depending on the example.

The electronic device may also provide alerts to a user. An alert may begenerated in response to: a change in status of the device (one exampleof which is power running low); receipt of information by the device(such as receiving a message); communications between the device andanother mechanism/device (such as a second type of device informing thedevice that a message is waiting or communication is in progress); anoperational state of an application (such as, as part of a game, or whena calendar appointment is imminent) or the operating system (such aswhen the device powers on or shuts down); and so on. The number andtypes of triggers for an alert are various and far-ranging.

The alert may be auditory, visual, haptic, or a combination thereof. Ahaptic actuator may be housed within the device and may move linearly togenerate haptic output (although in alternative examples the hapticactuator may be rotary or any other type). A speaker may provideauditory components of an alert and the aforementioned display mayprovide visual alert components. In some examples a dedicated light,display, or other visual output component may be used as part of analert.

The auditory, haptic, and/or visual components of the alert may besynchronized to provide an overall experience to a user. One or morecomponents may be delayed relative to other components to create adesired synchronization among them. The components may be synchronizedso that they are perceived substantially simultaneously; as one example,a haptic output may be initiated slightly before an auditory outputsince the haptic output may take longer to be perceived than the audio.As another example, a haptic output (or portion thereof) may beinitiated substantially before the auditory output, but at a weak oreven subliminal level, thereby priming the wearer to receive theauditory output.

FIG. 10 depicts an example schematic diagram of a wearable electronicdevice 1000. The wearable electronic device 1000 is an example of thewearable user device 106. As shown in FIG. 10, the device 1000 includesone or more processing units 1002 that are configured to access a memory1004 having instructions stored thereon.

The memory 1004, both removable and non-removable, are all examples ofnon-transitory computer-readable storage media. For example,non-transitory computer readable storage media may include volatile ornon-volatile, removable or non-removable media implemented in any methodor technology for storage of information such as computer-readableinstructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Thememory 1004 is an example of non-transitory computer storage media.Additional types of computer storage media that may be present in theuser device 1000 may include, but are not limited to, phase-change RAM(PRAM), SRAM, DRAM, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memorytechnology, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital video disc(DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape,magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any othermedium that can be used to store the desired information and that can beaccessed by the user device 1000. Combinations of any of the aboveshould also be included within the scope of non-transitorycomputer-readable storage media. Alternatively, computer-readablecommunication media may include computer-readable instructions, programmodules, or other data transmitted within a data signal, such as acarrier wave, or other transmission. However, as used herein,computer-readable storage media does not include computer-readablecommunication media.

The instructions or computer programs may be configured to perform oneor more of the operations or functions described with respect to thedevice 1000 (e.g., the fitness module 810 b). For example, theinstructions may be configured to control or coordinate the operation ofthe various components of the device. Such components include, but arenot limited to, display 1006, one or more input/output components 1008,one or more communication channels 1010, one or more sensors 1012, aspeaker 1014, microphone 1016, a battery 1018, wireless power 1020, biosensors 1022, and/or one or more haptic feedback devices 1024. In someexamples the speaker and microphone may be combined into a single unitand/or may share a common port through a housing of the device.

The processing units 1002 of FIG. 10 may be implemented as anyelectronic device capable of processing, receiving, or transmitting dataor instructions. For example, the processing units 1002 may include oneor more of: a microprocessor, a central processing unit (CPU), anapplication-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signalprocessor (DSP), or combinations of such devices. As described herein,the term “processor” is meant to encompass a single processor orprocessing unit, multiple processors, multiple processing units, orother suitably configured computing element or elements.

As shown in FIG. 10, the device 1000 may also include one or moreacoustic elements, including a speaker 1014 and/or a microphone 1016.The speaker 1014 may include drive electronics or circuitry and may beconfigured to produce an audible sound or acoustic signal in response toa command or input. Similarly, the microphone 1016 may also includedrive electronics or circuitry and is configured to receive an audiblesound or acoustic signal in response to a command or input. The speaker1014 and the microphone 1016 may be acoustically coupled to port oropening in the case that allows acoustic energy to pass, but may preventthe ingress of liquid and other debris.

The example electronic device may communicate with other electronicdevices either through a wired connection or wirelessly. Data may bepassed between devices, permitting one device to relay information toanother; control another; employ another's sensors, outputs, and/orinputs; and so on. FIG. 11 depicts a user 1100 wearing a firstelectronic device 1102 with a second electronic device 1104 in hispocket. Data may be wirelessly transmitted between the electronicdevices 1102, 1104, thereby permitting the user 1100 to receive, view,and interact with data from the second device 1104 by means of the firstelectronic device 1102. Thus, the user 1100 may have access to part orall of the second device's functionality through the first electronicdevice 1102 without actually needing to interact directly with thesecond device 1104. In some examples, the second electronic device 1104may be an example of the user device 802. The first electronic device1102 may be an example of the wearable user device 106.

Further, the electronic devices 1102, 1104 may cooperate not only toshare data, but to share functionality as well. For example, one of thetwo devices may incorporate a sensor, application, or function that theother lacks. The electronic device lacking such capabilities may requestthem from the other device, which may share wirelessly with therequesting device. Thus, multiple devices may operate together toprovide expanded functions, software, access, and the like between thetwo and ultimately to a user. As one non-limiting example, theelectronic device 1102 may be unable to place or receive telephone callswhile the second device 1104 may be able to do so. A user maynonetheless make and/or receive calls through the first device 1102,which may employ the second device 1104 to actually place or accept acall.

As another non-limiting example, an electronic device 1102 maywirelessly communicate with a sales terminal nearby, thus permitting auser to quickly and efficiently conduct a transaction such as selling,buying, or returning a good. The electronic device may use near fieldcommunications technology to perform these and other functions.

As mentioned above, a band may be connected to two electronic devicesand may serve as a wired communication path between the two. As anotherexample, the devices may communicate wirelessly, thereby permitting onedevice to relay information from a second to a user. This latter examplemay be particularly useful when the second is inaccessible.

Certain examples may incorporate one or more biometric sensors tomeasure certain physiological characteristics of a user. The device mayinclude a photoplesymogram sensor to determine a user's heart rate orblood oxygenation levels, for example. The device may also or insteadinclude electrodes to measure the body impedance of a user, which maypermit the device to estimate body fat percentages, the body'selectrical activity, body impedance, and so on. Also include bloodpressure, ultraviolet exposure, etc. Depending on the sensorsincorporated into or associated with the electronic device, a variety ofuser characteristics may be measured and/or estimated, therebypermitting different health data to be provided to a user. In someexamples, the sensed biometric data may be used, in part, to determinethe historic, current, and/or predicted activity data of the user.

Certain examples may be wirelessly charged. For example, an inductivecharging base may transmit power to an inductive receiver within thedevice in order to charge a battery of the device. Further, by varyingthe inductive field between the device and base, data may becommunicated between the two. As one simple non-limiting example, thismay be used to wake the base from a low-power sleep state to an activecharging state when the device is placed on the base. Other wirelesscharging systems may also be used (e.g., near field magnetic resonanceand radio frequency). Alternatively, the device may also employ wiredcharging through electrodes.

In certain examples, the device may include a rotary input, which maytake the form of a crown with a stem. The crown and stem may be rotatedto provide the rotary input. Rotation of the stem and/or crown may besensed optically, electrically, magnetically, or mechanically. Further,in some examples the crown and stem may also move laterally, therebyproviding a second type of input to the device.

The electronic device may likewise include one or more buttons. Thebutton(s) may be depressed to provide yet another input to the device.In various examples, the button may be a dome switch, rocker switch,electrical contact, magnetic switch, and so on. In some examples thebutton may be waterproof or otherwise sealed against the environment.

Various examples may include or otherwise incorporate one or more motionsensors. A motion sensor may detect motion of the device and provide,modify, cease, or otherwise affect a state, output, or input of thedevice or associated applications based at least in part on the motion.As non-limiting examples, a motion may be used to silence the device oracknowledge an alert generated by the device. Sample motion sensorsinclude accelerometers, gyroscopic sensors, magnetometers, GPS sensors,distance sensors, and so on. Some examples may use a GPS sensor tofacilitate or enable location and/or navigation assistance.

Certain examples may incorporate an ambient light sensor. The ambientlight sensor may permit the device to sense a brightness of itsenvironment and adjust certain operational parameters accordingly. Forexample, the electronic device may modify a brightness of a display inresponse to the sensed ambient light. As another example, the electronicdevice may turn the display off if little or no light is sensed for aperiod of time.

These and other functions, operations, and abilities of the electronicdevice will be apparent upon reading the specification in its entirety.

Certain examples of a wearable electronic device may include one or moresensors that can be used to calculate a health metric or otherhealth-related information. As one example, a wearable electronic devicemay function as a wearable health assistant that provides health-relatedinformation (whether real-time or not) to the user, authorized thirdparties, and/or an associated monitoring device.

FIG. 12 depicts an example electronic device 1200 having one or morebiometric sensors. The electronic device 1200 is an example of thewearable user device 106. As shown in FIG. 12, an array of light sourcesand a photodetector 1251-1254 may be disposed on the rear surface of thedevice 1200. In one example, the light sources 1251-1253 are formed fromlight emitting diode (LED) elements that are configured to emit lightinto a portion of the wearer's body (e.g., wrist). The photodetector1254 is shared between the multiple light sources 1251-1253 and isconfigured to receive light reflected from the body. The photodetectormay be formed from a photodiode material that is configured to produce asignal based at least in part on the received light. In oneimplementation, the signal produced by the photodetector 1254 is used tocompute a health metric associated with the wearer. In some cases, thelight sources 1251-1253 and the photodetector 1254 form aphotoplethysmography (PPG) sensor. The first light source 1251 mayinclude, for example, a green LED, which may be adapted for detectingblood perfusion in the body of the wearer. The second light source 1252may include, for example, an infrared LED, which may be adapted todetect changes in water content or other properties of the body. Thethird 1253 light source may be a similar type or different types of LEDelement, depending on the sensing configuration. The optical (e.g., PPG)sensor or sensors may be used to compute various health metrics,including, without limitation, a heart rate, a respiration rate, bloodoxygenation level, a blood volume estimate, blood pressure, or acombination thereof. One or more of the light sources 1251-1253 and thephotodetector 1254 may also be used for optical data transfer with abase or other device. While FIG. 12 depicts one example, the number oflight sources and/or photodetectors may vary in different examples. Forexample, another example may use more than one photodetector. Anotherexample may also use fewer or more light sources than are depicted inthe example of FIG. 12.

Also as shown in FIG. 12, the device 1200 includes multiple electrodes1231, 1232, 1233, 1234 that are located on or near external surfaces ofthe device 1200. In the present example, the device 1200 includes afirst electrode 1231 and a second electrode 1232 that are located on orproximate to a rear-facing surface of the device body 1210. In thisexample, the first electrode 1231 and the second electrode 1232 areconfigured to make electrical contact with the skin of the user wearingthe device 1200. In some cases, the first 1231 and second 1232electrodes are used to take an electrical measurement or receive anelectrical signal from the body of the user. As also shown in FIG. 12,the device 1200 may include a third electrode 1233 and a fourthelectrode 1234 that are located on or proximate to a perimeter of thecase of the device body 1210. In the present example, the third 1233 andfourth 1234 electrodes are configured to be contacted by one or morefingers of the user who is wearing or interacting with the device 1200.In some cases, the third 1233 and fourth 1234 electrodes are also usedto take an electrical measurement or receive an electrical signal fromthe body of the user. In some cases, the first 1231, second 1232, third1233, and fourth 1234 electrodes are all used to take a measurement orseries of measurements that can be used to compute another health metricof the user's body. Health metrics that may be computed using theelectrodes include, without limitation, heart functions (ECG, EKG),water content, body-fat ratios, galvanic skin resistance, andcombinations thereof.

In the configuration depicted in FIG. 12, the electronic device 1200includes one or more apertures in the case 1210. A light source1251-1254 may be disposed in each aperture. In one example, each lightsource 1251-1253 is implemented as a light-emitting diode (LED). In thepresent example, the four apertures, three light sources 1251-1253, anda single detector 1254 are used to form one or more sensors. Otherexamples can include any number of light sources. For example, two lightsources can be used in some examples.

The light sources may operate at the same light wavelength range, or thelight sources can operate at different light wavelength ranges. As oneexample, with two light sources one light source may transmit light inthe visible wavelength range while the other light source can emit lightin the infrared wavelength range. With four light sources, two lightsources may transmit light in the visible wavelength range while theother two light sources can emit light in the infrared wavelength range.For example, in one example, at least one light source can emit light inthe wavelength range associated with the color green while another lightsource transmits light in the infrared wavelength range. When aphysiological parameter of the user is to be determined, the lightsources emit light toward the user's skin and the optical sensor sensesan amount of reflected light. In some cases, a modulation pattern orsequence may be used to turn the light sources on and off and sample orsense the reflected light.

Illustrative methods and systems for managing user device connectionsare described above. Some or all of these systems and methods may, butneed not, be implemented at least partially by architectures such asthose shown at least in FIGS. 1-12. While many of the examples aredescribed above with reference to personal, activity, and/orhealth-related information, it should be understood that any type ofuser information or non-user information (e.g., data of any type) may bemanaged using these techniques. Further, in the foregoing description,various non-limiting examples were described. For purposes ofexplanation, specific configurations and details are set forth in orderto provide a thorough understanding of the examples. However, it shouldalso be apparent to one skilled in the art that the examples may bepracticed without the specific details. Furthermore, well-known featureswere sometimes omitted or simplified in order not to obscure the examplebeing described.

The various examples further can be implemented in a wide variety ofoperating environments, which in some cases can include one or more usercomputers, computing devices or processing devices which can be used tooperate any of a number of applications. User or client devices caninclude any of a number of general purpose personal computers, such asdesktop or laptop computers running a standard operating system, as wellas cellular, wireless and handheld devices running mobile software andcapable of supporting a number of networking and messaging protocols.Such a system also can include a number of workstations running any of avariety of commercially-available operating systems and other knownapplications for purposes such as development and database management.These devices also can include other electronic devices, such as dummyterminals, thin-clients, gaming systems, and other devices capable ofcommunicating via a network.

Most examples utilize at least one network that would be familiar tothose skilled in the art for supporting communications using any of avariety of commercially-available protocols, such as TCP/IP, OSI, FTP,UPnP, NFS, CIFS, and AppleTalk. The network can be, for example, a localarea network, a wide-area network, a virtual private network, theInternet, an intranet, an extranet, a public switched telephone network,an infrared network, a wireless network, and any combination thereof.

In examples utilizing a network server, the network server can run anyof a variety of server or mid-tier applications, including HTTP servers,FTP servers, CGI servers, data servers, Java servers, and businessapplication servers. The server(s) may also be capable of executingprograms or scripts in response to requests from user devices, such asby executing one or more applications that may be implemented as one ormore scripts or programs written in any programming language, such asJava®, C, C# or C++, or any scripting language, such as Perl, Python orTCL, as well as combinations thereof. The server(s) may also includedatabase servers, including without limitation those commerciallyavailable from Oracle®, Microsoft®, Sybase®′ and IBM®.

The environment can include a variety of data stores and other memoryand storage media as discussed above. These can reside in a variety oflocations, such as on a storage medium local to (and/or resident in) oneor more of the computers or remote from any or all of the computersacross the network. In a particular set of examples, the information mayreside in a storage-area network (SAN) familiar to those skilled in theart. Similarly, any necessary files for performing the functionsattributed to the computers, servers or other network devices may bestored locally and/or remotely, as appropriate. Where a system includescomputerized devices, each such device can include hardware elementsthat may be electrically coupled via a bus, the elements including, forexample, at least one central processing unit (CPU), at least one inputdevice (e.g., a mouse, keyboard, controller, touch screen, or keypad),and at least one output device (e.g., a display device, printer, orspeaker). Such a system may also include one or more storage devices,such as disk drives, optical storage devices, and solid-state storagedevices such as RAM or ROM, as well as removable media devices, memorycards, flash cards, etc.

Such devices also can include a computer-readable storage media reader,a communications device (e.g., a modem, a network card (wireless orwired), an infrared communication device, etc.), and working memory asdescribed above. The computer-readable storage media reader can beconnected with, or configured to receive, a non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium, representing remote, local, fixed,and/or removable storage devices as well as storage media fortemporarily and/or more permanently containing, storing, transmitting,and retrieving computer-readable information. The system and variousdevices also typically will include a number of software applications,modules, services, or other elements located within at least one workingmemory device, including an operating system and application programs,such as a client application or browser. It should be appreciated thatalternate examples may have numerous variations from that describedabove. For example, customized hardware might also be used and/orparticular elements might be implemented in hardware, software(including portable software, such as applets) or both. Further,connection to other computing devices such as network input/outputdevices may be employed.

Non-transitory storage media and computer-readable media for containingcode, or portions of code, can include any appropriate media known orused in the art, including storage media, such as, but not limited to,volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implementedin any method or technology for storage of information such ascomputer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, orother data, including RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memorytechnology, CD-ROM, DVD or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes,magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices,or any other medium which can be used to store the desired informationand which can be accessed by a system device. Based at least in part onthe disclosure and teachings provided herein, a person of ordinary skillin the art will appreciate other ways and/or methods to implement thevarious examples.

The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in anillustrative rather than a restrictive sense. It will, however, beevident that various modifications and changes may be made thereuntowithout departing from the broader spirit and scope of the disclosure asset forth in the claims.

Other variations are within the spirit of the present disclosure. Thus,while the disclosed techniques are susceptible to various modificationsand alternative constructions, certain illustrated examples thereof areshown in the drawings and have been described above in detail. It shouldbe understood, however, that there is no intention to limit thedisclosure to the specific form or forms disclosed, but on the contrary,the intention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructionsand equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the disclosure,as defined in the appended claims.

The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in thecontext of describing the disclosed examples (especially in the contextof the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singularand the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearlycontradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,”and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (e.g., meaning“including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. The term“connected” is to be construed as partly or wholly contained within,attached to, or joined together, even if there is something intervening.Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as ashorthand method of referring individually to each separate valuefalling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and eachseparate value is incorporated into the specification as if it wereindividually recited herein. All methods described herein can beperformed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein orotherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and allexamples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, isintended merely to better illuminate examples of the disclosure and doesnot pose a limitation on the scope of the disclosure unless otherwiseclaimed. No language in the specification should be construed asindicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of thedisclosure.

Disjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, or Z,”unless specifically stated otherwise, is otherwise understood within thecontext as used in general to present that an item, term, etc., may beeither X, Y, or Z, or any combination thereof (e.g., X, Y, and/or Z).Thus, such disjunctive language is not generally intended to, and shouldnot, imply that certain examples require at least one of X, at least oneof Y, or at least one of Z to each be present.

Preferred examples of this disclosure are described herein, includingthe best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the disclosure.Variations of those preferred examples may become apparent to those ofordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Theinventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations asappropriate, and the inventors intend for the disclosure to be practicedotherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, thisdisclosure includes all modifications and equivalents of the subjectmatter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicablelaw. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in allpossible variations thereof is encompassed by the disclosure unlessotherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

All references, including publications, patent applications, andpatents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the sameextent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicatedto be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entiretyherein.

What is claimed is:
 1. One or more computer-readable media comprisingcomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or moreprocessors, cause the one or more processors to perform operationscomprising: accessing historical fitness data that was tracked by afitness application of a user device during a plurality of periods thattogether correspond to a historical period; and during a current period:collecting current fitness data based on activities tracked by thefitness application during the current period, the current fitness datacorresponding to a user fitness goal; determining a coachingnotification based at least in part on a comparison of the historicalfitness data and the current fitness data, the coaching notificationidentifying the user fitness goal and including a suggested action forachieving the user fitness goal prior to a conclusion of the currentperiod; and providing the coaching notification for presentation at theuser device.
 2. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 1,wherein the user device is a wearable user device, and collecting thecurrent fitness data comprises collecting the current fitness data whenthe wearable user device is in a worn state.
 3. The one or morecomputer-readable media of claim 1, wherein determining the coachingnotification comprises determining, based at least in part on thehistorical fitness data and the current fitness data, whether aprobability threshold has been met, the probability thresholdrepresenting a likelihood that the user fitness goal will be achievedprior to the conclusion of the current period.
 4. The one or morecomputer-readable media of claim 3, wherein the computer-executableinstructions further cause the one or more processors to performoperations comprising, in accordance with a determination that theprobability threshold has been met, refraining from determining andproviding the coaching notification.
 5. The one or morecomputer-readable media of claim 3, wherein providing the coachingnotification for presentation at the user device comprises providing thecoaching notification for presentation at the user device in accordancewith a determination that the probability threshold has not been met. 6.The one or more computer-readable media of claim 3, wherein determiningwhether the probability threshold has been met is performed at a firsttime, and wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause theone or more processors to perform operations comprising: accessingadditional fitness data received by the user device and tracked by thefitness application during an additional period; determining, at asecond later time, whether the probability threshold has been met at thesecond later time; in accordance with a determination that theprobability threshold has not been met at the second later time,determining a different coaching notification based at least in part onthe additional fitness data; and providing the different coachingnotification for presentation at the user device.
 7. The one or morecomputer-readable media of claim 1, wherein the user fitness goal is oneof a plurality of user fitness goals comprising a stand goal, a caloricburn goal, and a move goal.
 8. The one or more computer-readable mediaof claim 1, wherein the suggested action identifies an activity and anamount of time for performing the activity prior to the conclusion ofthe current period.
 9. A computer-implemented method, comprising:accessing historical fitness data that was tracked by a fitnessapplication of a user device during a plurality of periods that togethercorrespond to a historical period; and during a current period:collecting current fitness data based on activities tracked by thefitness application during the current period, the current fitness datacorresponding to a user fitness goal; determining a coachingnotification based at least in part on a comparison of the historicalfitness data and the current fitness data, the coaching notificationidentifying the user fitness goal and including a suggested action forachieving the user fitness goal prior to a conclusion of the currentperiod; and providing the coaching notification for presentation at theuser device.
 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein theuser device is a wearable user device, and collecting the currentfitness data comprises collecting the current fitness data when thewearable user device is in a worn state.
 11. The computer-implementedmethod of claim 9, wherein determining the coaching notificationcomprises determining, based at least in part on the historical fitnessdata and the current fitness data, whether a probability threshold hasbeen met, the probability threshold representing a likelihood that theuser fitness goal will be achieved prior to the conclusion of thecurrent period.
 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, furthercomprising, in accordance with a determination that the probabilitythreshold has been met, refraining from determining and providing thecoaching notification.
 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 11,wherein providing the coaching notification for presentation at the userdevice comprises providing the coaching notification for presentation atthe user device in accordance with a determination that the probabilitythreshold has not been met.
 14. The computer-implemented method of claim11, wherein determining whether the probability threshold has been metis performed at a first time, and wherein the method further comprises:accessing additional fitness data received by the user device andtracked by the fitness application during an additional period;determining, at a second later time, whether the probability thresholdhas been met at the second later time; in accordance with adetermination that the probability threshold has not been met at thesecond later time, determining a different coaching notification basedat least in part on the additional fitness data; and providing thedifferent coaching notification for presentation at the user device. 15.The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the user fitnessgoal is one of a plurality of user fitness goals comprising a standgoal, a caloric burn goal, and a move goal.
 16. A user device,comprising: a memory comprising computer-executable instructions; and aprocessor communicatively coupled with the memory and configured toexecute the computer-executable instructions to at least: accesshistorical fitness data that was tracked by a fitness application of theuser device during a plurality of periods that together correspond to ahistorical period; and during a current period: collect current fitnessdata based on activities tracked by the fitness application during thecurrent period, the current fitness data corresponding to a user fitnessgoal; determine a coaching notification based at least in part on acomparison of the historical fitness data and the current fitness data,the coaching notification identifying the user fitness goal andincluding a suggested action for achieving the user fitness goal priorto a conclusion of the current period; and provide the coachingnotification for presentation at the user device.
 17. The user device ofclaim 16, wherein the user device is a wearable user device, andcollecting the current fitness data comprises collecting the currentfitness data when the wearable user device is in a worn state.
 18. Theuser device of claim 16, wherein determining the coaching notificationcomprises determining, based at least in part on the historical fitnessdata and the current fitness data, whether a probability threshold hasbeen met, the probability threshold representing a likelihood that theuser fitness goal will be achieved prior to the conclusion of thecurrent period.
 19. The user device of claim 18, wherein the processoris configured to execute additional computer-executable instructions toat least, in accordance with a determination that the probabilitythreshold has been met, refrain from determining and providing thecoaching notification.
 20. The user device of claim 18, furthercomprising a display, and wherein providing the coaching notificationfor presentation at the user device comprises providing the coachingnotification for presentation at the display of the user device inaccordance with a determination that the probability threshold has notbeen met.